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Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Symptoms vary depending on the type of seizure and may include convulsions, loss of consciousness, staring spells, jerking movements, sensory disturbances, or temporary confusion. Seizures may last from a few seconds to a few minutes and can impact a child’s daily life, learning, and emotional well-being.

Relevant Screening & Assessment Webforms

Online forms for initial assessment can help parents and clinicians track and document seizure activity:

  • Seizure Diary Form: Parents can record the frequency, duration, and type of seizures, as well as triggers, warning signs, and recovery time.
  • Epilepsy Symptom Checklist: To identify potential signs of epilepsy, such as staring spells, jerking movements, and loss of awareness or responsiveness.

Blood or Laboratory Tests

The diagnosis of epilepsy typically involves multiple assessments:

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG): A test that measures electrical activity in the brain to detect abnormal patterns related to seizures.
  • Neuroimaging (MRI/CT scans): To identify structural brain abnormalities or lesions that may cause seizures.
  • Blood Tests & Genetic Testing: To evaluate metabolic or genetic factors contributing to epilepsy or to monitor medication levels.

Management Options

  • Medication (Anti-Epileptic Drugs – AEDs): The first line of treatment for controlling seizures. Common AEDs include sodium valproate, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam. The choice of medication is based on seizure type, age, and side effect profile.
  • Lifestyle Modifications & Safety Planning: Parents and caregivers are educated on managing triggers (e.g., lack of sleep, stress), seizure safety (e.g., water safety, fall prevention), and emergency response for prolonged seizures.
  • Ketogenic Diet: A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet may be recommended for some children with drug-resistant epilepsy to help reduce seizures.
  • Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) & Surgical Options: For children who do not respond to medication, VNS therapy or epilepsy surgery may be considered as part of a comprehensive management plan.

Latest High-Tech Evidence-Based Treatment Options Worldwide

  • Wearable Seizure Monitoring Devices: Devices like Embrace2 (wrist-worn) and SPEAC System (chest-worn) use sensors to detect seizure activity, alerting caregivers and logging data to help clinicians monitor seizure frequency and patterns.
  • Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS): An advanced implantable device that detects abnormal brain activity and delivers stimulation to prevent seizures. RNS is primarily used for drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Seizure Detection Apps & Trackers: Apps like Seizure Tracker and My Seizure Diary enable parents and patients to track seizure occurrences, medications, and triggers, providing valuable data to the clinical team.
  • Telemedicine for Epilepsy Monitoring: Remote EEG monitoring, video consultations with neurologists, and digital platforms for medication management offer timely and ongoing support for children with epilepsy.

Patient Education Resources in Australia

  • Epilepsy Action Australia: Provides information on epilepsy types, seizure first aid, medication, and practical tips for living with epilepsy. Offers educational webinars, support groups, and online resources.
  • Raising Children Network: Offers easy-to-understand articles on epilepsy, including seizure management, medications, and supporting children’s development and well-being.
  • Epilepsy Australia: A national network providing comprehensive information on epilepsy, support services, and access to educational materials for families and caregivers.

Foundations & Volunteering Agencies in Australia

  • Epilepsy Foundation: Offers support and resources for families managing epilepsy, including educational programs, advocacy, and assistance with accessing services.
  • Epilepsy Action Australia: Provides resources, support groups, seizure management programs, and advocacy for people living with epilepsy across the country.
  • Brain Foundation: A national organization that raises funds for neurological research, including epilepsy, and provides information and support for affected families.

What to Expect from Telehealth Consultations

  • Initial Assessment & History Taking: The clinician will conduct a comprehensive assessment of seizure history, developmental background, family history, and current concerns via video call. Parents may be asked to share video recordings of seizures or complete seizure diaries.
  • Ongoing Seizure Monitoring & Management: Regular telehealth follow-up appointments for medication management, progress monitoring, and reviewing any seizure activity or side effects. Adjustments to the treatment plan may be made as necessary.
  • Coordinated Care & Support: Collaboration between families, neurologists, paediatricians, and allied health professionals to create a holistic care plan. Discussions around school accommodations, safety strategies, and lifestyle management are part of the telehealth sessions.
  • Education & Support for Families: Telehealth consultations provide an opportunity to educate families on recognizing seizure triggers, emergency response protocols, and seizure first aid.

Funding Options in Australia

    • NDIS (National Disability Insurance Scheme): Children with epilepsy that significantly affects their daily life may be eligible for support through NDIS, including funding for therapies, assistive devices, and transportation.
    • Medicare: Provides rebates for consultations with pediatric neurologists, diagnostic tests (e.g., EEG, MRI), and follow-up appointments.
  • Private Health Insurance: Depending on the policy, private insurance may cover specialist consultations, hospitalizations, medications, and support services.

By integrating thorough information gathering, validated assessment tools, personalized treatment plans, and innovative technologies, Smart Paediatrics ensures that children with anxiety receive comprehensive, effective, and tailored care to support their mental well-being.