Coeliac Disease
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition where the ingestion of gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye) triggers an immune response, leading to inflammation and damage to the small intestine. Symptoms can vary widely and may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, irritability, fatigue, growth issues, and in some cases, non-gastrointestinal symptoms like anaemia or dermatitis herpetiformis (a skin rash). In children, it can affect nutrient absorption, growth, and overall health.
Relevant Screening & Assessment Webforms
- Coeliac Disease Symptom Checker: An online questionnaire for parents to document the child’s symptoms, dietary habits, and family history, helping healthcare providers assess the likelihood of coeliac disease.
- Gluten Exposure & Symptom Diary: A fillable form to track gluten exposure, gastrointestinal symptoms, and growth concerns over time, useful in identifying patterns and triggers.
Blood or Laboratory Tests
Coeliac disease is diagnosed through a combination of laboratory tests, and it is important not to remove gluten from the diet before testing:
- Blood Tests (Serology Testing): Checking for specific antibodies like tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG-IgA), which are usually elevated in coeliac disease.
- Genetic Testing: To check for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes, which are necessary for the development of coeliac disease, though not definitive on their own.
- Small Bowel Biopsy: If blood tests indicate coeliac disease, an endoscopy with biopsy is often recommended to confirm diagnosis and assess the extent of intestinal damage.
Management Options
Gluten-Free Diet
The primary treatment for coeliac disease is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet for life. This involves eliminating all foods containing wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives, and replacing them with gluten-free alternatives.
Nutritional Support & Dietitian Guidance
A dietitian experienced in coeliac disease helps families understand gluten-free nutrition, meal planning, label reading, and how to avoid cross-contamination.
Nutritional Monitoring & Supplementation
Regular monitoring of growth, nutrient levels (e.g., iron, calcium, vitamin D, B vitamins), and bone health is essential. Supplements may be recommended to address deficiencies.
Latest High-Tech Evidence-Based Treatment Options Worldwide
Telehealth-Based Nutritional Counselling & Education
Digital platforms provide access to dietitians who offer guidance on gluten-free eating, food label reading, and healthy nutrition.
Mobile Apps for Gluten-Free Living
Apps like Coeliac Australia Gluten-Free Food Finder and Fig allow users to scan product barcodes, search gluten-free foods, and find safe restaurant options, making meal planning easier for families.
Remote Monitoring & Health Tracking
Use of health tracking apps like MySymptoms to log food intake, symptoms, and growth progress, providing clinicians with data for personalized care and monitoring adherence to a gluten-free diet.
Funding Options in Australia
NDIS (National Disability Insurance Scheme)
While coeliac disease alone may not qualify a child for NDIS, funding may be available if coeliac disease coexists with other disabilities that significantly impact daily life.
Medicare
Rebates for specialist consultations (e.g., pediatric gastroenterologists), diagnostic tests (e.g., blood tests, endoscopy), and allied health services (e.g., dietitian consultations) may be available.
Private Health Insurance
Depending on the policy, coverage may include specialist appointments, diagnostic procedures, and dietitian support for dietary management.
Patient Education Resources in Australia
- Coeliac Australia: Provides comprehensive information on coeliac disease, gluten-free diet management, recipes, and guidance on living a gluten-free lifestyle. Offers resources tailored for families, schools, and children.
- Raising Children Network: Offers information on coeliac disease in children, dietary management tips, and practical advice for navigating a gluten-free lifestyle.
- The Australian Parenting Website: Provides advice on managing coeliac disease, understanding gluten-free foods, and ensuring balanced nutrition for children.
Foundations & Volunteering Agencies in Australia
- Coeliac Australia: A leading organization offering support, advocacy, and resources for individuals with coeliac disease. They provide education programs, member support, and access to local support groups.
- Gluten Free Australia: Offers resources on gluten-free living, access to recipes, product reviews, and community support for families dealing with coeliac disease.
- Dietitians Australia: Connects families with accredited practicing dietitians specializing in coeliac disease and gluten-free nutrition.
What to Expect from Telehealth Consultations
Initial Assessment & Dietary Review
Telehealth consultations start with a review of symptoms, dietary habits, and family history. Clinicians provide information on screening tests and the importance of maintaining gluten in the diet until diagnosis is confirmed.
Ongoing Nutritional Support & Education
Families receive telehealth-based guidance on adopting a gluten-free diet, reading labels, and finding safe food options. Dietitians help navigate social situations, school meals, and travel to maintain adherence to the diet.
Monitoring & Follow-Up
Regular telehealth follow-ups to assess growth, symptom improvement, adherence to a gluten-free diet, and nutritional status. Families are supported in managing challenges and ensuring the child’s dietary needs are met.
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